Why the EU's sanctions on Sudan's gold trade are fundamentally flawed

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Sanctioning bullion, while leaving much of the infrastructure facilitating its movement intact, risks treating the symptoms of Sudan's war economy rather than its architecture For more than three years, Sudan has been trapped in a war that has shattered cities, emptied villages and pushed millions into displacement. Since fighting erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in 2023, international diplomacy produced no shortage of conferences, ceasefire prop